论语英文版The Analects Chapter 11

The Master said, "The men of former times in the matters of ceremoniesand music were rustics1, it is said, while the men of these lattertimes, in ceremonies and music, are accomplished2 gentlemen.

"If I have occasion to use those things, I follow the men of formertimes."The Master said, "Of those who were with me in Ch'an and Ts'ai, thereare none to be found to enter my door."Distinguished3 for their virtuous4 principles and practice, there wereYen Yuan, Min Tsze-ch'ien, Zan Po-niu, and Chung-kung; for their abilityin speech, Tsai Wo and Tsze-kung; for their administrative6 talents,Zan Yu and Chi Lu; for their literary acquirements, Tsze-yu and Tsze-hsia.

The Master said, "Hui gives me no assistance. There is nothing thatI say in which he does not delight."The Master said, "Filial indeed is Min Tsze-ch'ien! Other people saynothing of him different from the report of his parents and brothers."Nan Yung was frequently repeating the lines about a white scepterstone. Confucius gave him the daughter of his elder brother to wife.

Chi K'ang asked which of the disciples7 loved to learn. Confucius repliedto him, "There was Yen5 Hui; he loved to learn. Unfortunately his appointedtime was short, and he died. Now there is no one who loves to learn,as he did."When Yen Yuan died, Yen Lu begged the carriage of the Master to selland get an outer shell for his son's coffin9.

The Master said, "Every one calls his son his son, whether he hastalents or has not talents. There was Li; when he died, he had a coffinbut no outer shell. I would not walk on foot to get a shell for him,because, having followed in the rear of the great officers, it wasnot proper that I should walk on foot."When Yen Yuan died, the Master said, "Alas10! Heaven is destroying me!

Heaven is destroying me!"When Yen Yuan died, the Master bewailed him exceedingly, and the discipleswho were with him said, "Master, your grief is excessive!""Is it excessive?" said he. "If I am not to mourn bitterly for thisman, for whom should I mourn?"When Yen Yuan died, the disciples wished to give him a great funeral,and the Master said, "You may not do so."The disciples did bury him in great style.

The Master said, "Hui behaved towards me as his father. I have notbeen able to treat him as my son. The fault is not mine; it belongsto you, O disciples."Chi Lu asked about serving the spirits of the dead. The Master said,"While you are not able to serve men, how can you serve their spirits?"Chi Lu added, "I venture to ask about death?" He was answered, "Whileyou do not know life, how can you know about death?"The disciple8 Min was standing11 by his side, looking bland12 and precise;Tsze-lu, looking bold and soldierly; Zan Yu and Tsze-kung, with afree and straightforward13 manner. The Master was pleased.

He said, "Yu, there!-he will not die a natural death."Some parties in Lu were going to take down and rebuild the Long Treasury14.

Min Tsze-ch'ien said, "Suppose it were to be repaired after its oldstyle;-why must it be altered and made anew?"The Master said, "This man seldom speaks; when he does, he is sureto hit the point."The Master said, "What has the lute15 of Yu to do in my door?"The other disciples began not to respect Tszelu. The Master said,"Yu has ascended16 to the hall, though he has not yet passed into theinner apartments."Tsze-kung asked which of the two, Shih or Shang, was the superior.

The Master said, "Shih goes beyond the due mean, and Shang does notcome up to it.""Then," said Tsze-kung, "the superiority is with Shih, I suppose."The Master said, "To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short."The head of the Chi family was richer than the duke of Chau had been,and yet Ch'iu collected his imposts for him, and increased his wealth.

The Master said, "He is no disciple of mine. My little children, beatthe drum and assail17 him."Ch'ai is simple. Shan is dull. Shih is specious18. Yu is coarse.

The Master said, "There is Hui! He has nearly attained19 to perfectvirtue. He is often in want.

"Ts'ze does not acquiesce20 in the appointments of Heaven, and his goodsare increased by him. Yet his judgments21 are often correct."Tsze-chang asked what were the characteristics of the good man. TheMaster said, "He does not tread in the footsteps of others, but moreover,he does not enter the chamber22 of the sage23."The Master said, "If, because a man's discourse24appears solid andsincere, we allow him to be a good man, is he really a superior man?

or is his gravity only in appearance?"Tsze-lu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice whathe heard. The Master said, "There are your father and elder brothersto be consulted;-why should you act on that principle of immediatelycarrying into practice what you hear?" Zan Yu asked the same, whetherhe should immediately carry into practice what he heard, and the Masteranswered, "Immediately carry into practice what you hear." Kung-hsiHwa said, "Yu asked whether he should carry immediately into practicewhat he heard, and you said, 'There are your father and elder brothersto be consulted.' Ch'iu asked whether he should immediately carryinto practice what he heard, and you said, 'Carry it immediately intopractice.' I, Ch'ih, am perplexed25, and venture to ask you for an explanation."The Master said, "Ch'iu is retiring and slow; therefore I urged himforward. Yu has more than his own share of energy; therefore I kepthim back."The Master was put in fear in K'wang and Yen Yuan fell behind. TheMaster, on his rejoining him, said, "I thought you had died." Huireplied, "While you were alive, how should I presume to die?"Chi Tsze-zan asked whether Chung Yu and Zan Ch'iu could be calledgreat ministers.

The Master said, "I thought you would ask about some extraordinaryindividuals, and you only ask about Yu and Ch'iu!

"What is called a great minister, is one who serves his prince accordingto what is right, and when he finds he cannot do so, retires.

"Now, as to Yu and Ch'iu, they may be called ordinary ministers."Tsze-zan said, "Then they will always follow their chief;-win they?"The Master said, "In an act of parricide26 or regicide, they would notfollow him."Tsze-lu got Tsze-kao appointed governor of Pi.

The Master said, "You are injuring a man's son."Tsze-lu said, "There are, there, common people and officers; thereare the altars of the spirits of the land and grain. Why must oneread books before he can be considered to have learned?"The Master said, "It is on this account that I hate your glib-tonguedpeople."Tsze-lu, Tsang Hsi, Zan Yu, and Kunghsi Hwa were sitting by the Master.

He said to them, "Though I am a day or so older than you, do not thinkof that.

"From day to day you are saying, 'We are not known.' If some rulerwere to know you, what would you like to do?"Tsze-lu hastily and lightly replied, "Suppose the case of a stateof ten thousand chariots; let it be straitened between other largecities; let it be suffering from invading armies; and to this letthere be added a famine in corn and in all vegetables:-if I were intrustedwith the government of it, in three years' time I could make the peopleto be bold, and to recognize the rules of righteous conduct." TheMaster smiled at him.

Turning to Yen Yu, he said, "Ch'iu, what are your wishes?" Ch'iu replied,"Suppose a state of sixty or seventy li square, or one of fifty orsixty, and let me have the government of it;-in three years' time,I could make plenty to abound27 among the people. As to teaching themthe principles of propriety28, and music, I must wait for the rise ofa superior man to do that.""What are your wishes, Ch'ih," said the Master next to Kung-hsi Hwa.

Ch'ih replied, "I do not say that my ability extends to these things,but I should wish to learn them. At the services of the ancestraltemple, and at the audiences of the princes with the sovereign, Ishould like, dressed in the dark square-made robe and the black linencap, to act as a small assistant."Last of all, the Master asked Tsang Hsi, "Tien, what are your wishes?"Tien, pausing as he was playing on his lute, while it was yet twanging,laid the instrument aside, and "My wishes," he said, "are differentfrom the cherished purposes of these three gentlemen." "What harmis there in that?" said the Master; "do you also, as well as they,speak out your wishes." Tien then said, "In this, the last month ofspring, with the dress of the season all complete, along with fiveor six young men who have assumed the cap, and six or seven boys,I would wash in the I, enjoy the breeze among the rain altars, andreturn home singing." The Master heaved a sigh and said, "I give myapproval to Tien."The three others having gone out, Tsang Hsi remained behind, and said,"What do you think of the words of these three friends?" The Masterreplied, "They simply told each one his wishes."Hsi pursued, "Master, why did you smile at Yu?"He was answered, "The management of a state demands the rules of propriety.

His words were not humble29; therefore I smiled at him."Hsi again said, "But was it not a state which Ch'iu proposed for himself?"The reply was, "Yes; did you ever see a territory of sixty or seventyli or one of fifty or sixty, which was not a state?"Once more, Hsi inquired, "And was it not a state which Ch'ih proposedfor himself?" The Master again replied, "Yes; who but princes haveto do with ancestral temples, and with audiences but the sovereign?

If Ch'ih were to be a small assistant in these services, who couldbe a great one?

关键词：论语英文版

先进篇第十一

11.1 子曰：“先进于礼乐，野人也;后进于礼乐，君子也。如用之，则吾从先进。”

11.2 子曰：“从我于陈、蔡者，皆不及门也。”

11.3 德行：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓。言语：宰我、子贡。政事：冉有、季路。文学：子游、子夏。

11.4 子曰：“回也非助我者也，于吾言无所不说。”

11.5 子曰：“孝哉，闵子骞!人不间于其父母昆弟之言。”

11.6 南容三复“白圭”，孔子以其兄之子妻之。

11.7 季康子问：“弟子孰为好学?”孔子对曰：“有颜回者好学，不幸短命死矣!今也则亡。”

11.8 颜渊死，颜路请子之车以为之椁。子曰：“才不才，亦各言其子也。鲤也死，有棺而无椁。吾不徒行以为之椁。以吾从大夫之后，不可徒行也。”

11.9 颜渊死。子曰：“噫!天丧予!天丧予!”

11.10 颜渊死，子哭之恸。从者曰：“子恸矣!”曰：“有恸乎?非夫人之为恸而谁为?”

11.11 颜渊死，门人欲厚葬之。子曰：“不可。”门人厚葬之。子曰：“回也视予犹父也，予不得视犹子也。非我也，夫二三子也。”

11.12 季路问事鬼神。子曰：“未能事人，焉能事鬼?”曰：“敢问死。”曰：“未知生，焉知死?”

11.13 闵子侍侧，誾誾如也;子路，行行如也;冉有、子贡，侃侃如也。子乐。“若由也，不得其死然。”

11.14 鲁人为长府。闵子骞曰：“仍旧贯，如之何?何必改作?”子曰：“夫人不言，言必有中。”

11.15 子曰：“由之瑟奚为于丘之门?”门人不敬子路。子曰：“由也升堂矣，未入于室也。”

11.16 子贡问：“师与商也孰贤?”子曰：“师也过，商也不及。”曰：“然则师愈与?”子曰：“过犹不及。”

11.17 季氏富于周公，而求也为之聚敛而附益之。子曰：“非吾徒也。小子鸣鼓而攻之可也。”

11.18 柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也喭。

11.19 子曰：“回也其庶乎?屡空。赐不受命，而货殖焉，亿则屡中。”

11.20 子张问善人之道。子曰：“不践迹，亦不入于室。”

11.21 子曰：“论笃是与，君子者乎?色庄者乎?”

11.22 子路问：“闻斯行诸?”子曰：“有父兄在，如之何其闻斯行之?”冉有问：“闻斯行诸?”子曰：“闻斯行之。”公西华曰：“由也问‘闻斯行诸’，子曰：‘有父兄在’，求也问‘闻斯行诸’，子曰：‘闻斯行之’。赤也惑，敢问。”子曰：“求也退，故进之;由也兼人，故退之。”

11.23 子畏于匡，颜渊后。子曰：“吾以女为死矣。”曰：“子在，回何敢死?”

11.24 季子然问：“仲由、冉求可谓大臣与?”子曰：“吾以子为异之问，曾由与求之问。所谓大臣者，以道事君，不可则止。今由与求也，可谓具臣矣。”曰：“然则从之者与?”子曰：“弑父与君，亦不从也。”

11.25 子路使子羔为费宰。子曰：“贼夫人之子。”子路曰：“有民人焉，有社稷焉，何必读书，然后为学?”子曰：“是故恶夫佞者。”

11.26 子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐。子曰：“以吾一日长乎尔，毋吾以也。居则曰：‘不吾知也!’如或知尔，则何以哉?”子路率尔而对曰：“千乘之国，摄乎大国之间，加之以师旅，因之以饥馑;由也为之，比及三年，可使有勇，且知方也。”夫子哂之。“求!尔何如?”对曰：“方六七十，如五六十，求也为之，比及三年，可使足民。如其礼乐，以俟君子。”“赤!尔何如?”对曰：“非日能之，愿学焉。宗庙之事，如会同，端章甫，愿为小相焉。”“点!尔何如?”鼓瑟希，铿尔，舍瑟而作，对曰：“异乎三子者之撰。”子曰：“何伤乎?亦各言其志也。”曰：“莫春者，春服既成，冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，风乎舞雩，咏而归。”夫子喟然叹曰：“吾与点也!”三子者出，曾皙后。曾皙曰：“夫三子者之言何如?”子曰：“亦各言其志也已矣。”曰：“夫子何哂由也?”曰：“为国以礼，其言不让，是故哂之。”“唯求则非邦也与?”“安见方六七十如五六十而非邦也者?”“唯赤则非邦也与?”“宗庙会同，非诸侯而何?赤也为之小，孰能为之大?”

1 rustics        

n.有农村或村民特色的( rustic的名词复数 )；粗野的；不雅的；用粗糙的木材或树枝制作的

参考例句：

These rustics are utilized for the rough work of devoton. 那样的乡村气质可以替宗教做些粗重的工作。 来自互联网

2 accomplished        

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。

Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

3 distinguished        

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。

A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

4 virtuous        

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。

My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

5 yen        

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。

He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

6 administrative        

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。

He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

7 disciples        

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》

"The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

8 disciple        

n.信徒，门徒，追随者

参考例句：

Your disciple failed to welcome you.你的徒弟没能迎接你。

He was an ardent disciple of Gandhi.他是甘地的忠实信徒。

9 coffin        

n.棺材，灵柩

参考例句：

When one's coffin is covered,all discussion about him can be settled.盖棺论定。

The coffin was placed in the grave.那口棺材已安放到坟墓里去了。

10 alas        

int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等)

参考例句：

Alas!The window is broken!哎呀！窗子破了！

Alas,the truth is less romantic.然而，真理很少带有浪漫色彩。

11 standing        

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。

They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

12 bland        

adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的

参考例句：

He eats bland food because of his stomach trouble.他因胃病而吃清淡的食物。

This soup is too bland for me.这汤我喝起来偏淡。

13 straightforward        

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。

I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

14 treasury        

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。

This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

15 lute        

n.琵琶，鲁特琴

参考例句：

He idly plucked the strings of the lute.他漫不经心地拨弄着鲁特琴的琴弦。

He knows how to play the Chinese lute.他会弹琵琶。

16 ascended        

v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

He has ascended into heaven. 他已经升入了天堂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

The climbers slowly ascended the mountain. 爬山运动员慢慢地登上了这座山。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 assail        

v.猛烈攻击，抨击，痛斥

参考例句：

The opposition's newspapers assail the government each day.反对党的报纸每天都对政府进行猛烈抨击。

We should assist parents not assail them.因此我们应该帮助父母们，而不是指责他们。

18 specious        

adj.似是而非的；adv.似是而非地

参考例句：

Such talk is actually specious and groundless.这些话实际上毫无根据，似是而非的。

It is unlikely that the Duke was convinced by such specious arguments.公爵不太可能相信这种似是而非的论点。

19 attained        

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。

Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

20 acquiesce        

vi.默许，顺从，同意

参考例句：

Her parents will never acquiesce in such an unsuitable marriage.她的父母决不会答应这门不相宜的婚事。

He is so independent that he will never acquiesce.他很有主见，所以绝不会顺从。

21 judgments        

判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判

参考例句：

A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。

He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。

22 chamber        

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。

The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

23 sage        

n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的

参考例句：

I was grateful for the old man's sage advice.我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。

The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.这位哲人是百代之师。

24 discourse        

n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述

参考例句：

We'll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。

He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。

25 perplexed        

adj.不知所措的

参考例句：

The farmer felt the cow,went away,returned,sorely perplexed,always afraid of being cheated.那农民摸摸那头牛，走了又回来，犹豫不决，总怕上当受骗。

The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story.这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解。

26 parricide        

n.杀父母；杀亲罪

参考例句：

In ancient Greek stories,Oedipus was a parricide.在古希腊故事里，俄狄浦斯是个杀父者。

There's a case of parricide immediately after,which will take them some time.在您之后，立刻就要办一件弑父案。

27 abound        

vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于

参考例句：

Oranges abound here all the year round.这里一年到头都有很多橙子。

But problems abound in the management of State-owned companies.但是在国有企业的管理中仍然存在不少问题。

28 propriety        

n.正当行为；正当；适当

参考例句：

We hesitated at the propriety of the method.我们对这种办法是否适用拿不定主意。

The sensitive matter was handled with great propriety.这件机密的事处理得极为适当。

29 humble        

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。

Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。